After the Carthaginians failed to resupply the city, Syracuse fell in the autumn of 212 BC; Archimedes was killed by a Roman soldier. This page was last edited on 21 December 2018, at 01:27. Senza rifornimenti e rinforzi da Cartagine e senza riuscire a far sollevare le popolazioni del centro Italia contro Roma, Annibale si ritrovò praticamente assediato sui monti della Calabria dove, in seguito gli giunse l'ordine di Cartagine di tornare in Africa per portare aiuto contro Publio Cornelio Scipione (Africano). Le ali di cavalleria cartaginese erano poste a destra e quella numidica a sinistra. The First Punic War had shown that Rome could not be defeated from the outside, but perhaps fighting in its own territory and stirring up rebellions, it might be defeated from within. [29][30] Both Iberia and Gaul provided large numbers of experienced infantry – unarmoured troops who would charge ferociously, but had a reputation for breaking off if a combat was protracted[31][32] – and unarmoured close order cavalry[33] referred to by Livy as "steady", meaning that they were accustomed to sustained hand-to-hand combat rather than hit and run tactics. [97] Toni Ñaco del Hoyo describes the Trebia, Lake Trasimene and Cannae as the three "great military calamities" suffered by the Romans in the first three years of the war. https://www.ancient.eu/Second_Punic_War/. Il casus belli scelto da Annibale fu la sfortunata Sagunto. Scipio was not able to prevent Hasdrubal from leading his depleted army over the western passes of the Pyrenees into Gaul. Quintus Fabius Maximus was elected dictator by the Roman Assembly and adopted the "Fabian strategy" of avoiding pitched battles, relying instead on low-level harassment to wear the invader down, until Rome could rebuild its military strength. ‘God has given to man no sharper spur to victory than contempt of. Cartagine invece inviò subito una squadra navale. La città fu distrutta e fu giurato che non avrebbe mai più potuto essere ricostruita, i cittadini furono uccisi o resi schiavi. The 25-year old general sailed from Ostia and quickly made his mark on the war by a shock capture of the main Carthaginian supply base and treasury in Spain, Carthago Nova (modern Cartagena) in 209 BCE. Annibale scatena la Seconda guerra punica. Roma era impegnata nella pacificazione del territorio sannita e nell'inizio di espansione nella Pianura Padana per cui era riluttante a impegnarsi in Sicilia. This category contains only the following page. Questi intanto aveva dovuto chiamare a soccorso in Italia nel 208 a.C. il fratello Asdrubale con un'armata dalla Spagna, e sebbene Scipione non potesse impedirgli il passo pur infliggendogli gravi perdite nella battaglia di Becula, Asdrubale venne poi sconfitto e ucciso in Italia sul Metauro prima che si potesse congiungere col fratello. [152] Later the same year a mutiny broke out among Roman troops, which initially attracted support from Iberian leaders, disappointed that Roman forces had remained in the peninsula after the expulsion of the Carthaginians, but it was effectively put down by Scipio. The Romans established a lodgement in north-east Iberia and the Carthaginians repeatedly attempted and failed to reduce it. Però entrambi i contendenti dovettero investire pesantemente nell'allestimento delle flotte e questo diede fondo alle finanze pubbliche di Cartagine. Nell'intervallo di tempo fra la prima e la seconda guerra punica, Cartagine dovette subire e reprimere una rivolta delle truppe mercenarie che aveva impiegato. Dopo tre anni di battaglie i mercenari furono sgominati e Cartagine poté riprendere il suo percorso per riconquistare il vigore economico precedente. Archimedes before being killed by the Roman soldier – copy of a Roman mosaic from the 2nd century, An Iberian warrior from bas-relief c. 200 BC. [83], When news of the defeat reached Rome it initially caused panic. About About CORE Blog Contact us. Annibale guidava forze di fanteria più numerose ma composite: 12.000 fanti celti e liguri, 15.000 reduci dalle campagne italiche, 18.000 mercenari di varia provenienza, numidi, macedoni, iberici e qualche cartaginese. Spiccano le figure di Annibale e Publio Cornelio Scipione detto successivamente per le vittorie avute in Africa "l'Africano". Saguntum was retaken but both Roman commanders, P. Cornelius Scipio and Gn. Rifiutate peraltro le condizioni poste da Regolo, Cartagine poté con un nuovo sforzo militare in cui si procurò l'aiuto dell'esperienza tecnica di un generale greco, distruggere l'esercito romano e prendere prigioniero lo stesso Regolo. 21 dicembre 2016 21 dicembre 2016 doxastees Lascia un commento. Il tacito accordo per cui Cartagine aveva lasciato indisturbata Roma nell'espansione in Italia, mentre Roma lasciava indisturbata Cartagine nella sua espansione in Africa, in Sicilia, Sardegna, Corsica e nella Spagna meridionale, si spezzava nel momento in cui i campi d'azione dei due imperialismi venivano a interferire. A Roman army was then defeated in Gaul in 216 BCE, but their fortunes slowly began to improve. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Scipio then made allies of two Numidian princes, Syphax and Masinissa, in preparation for his plan to take the war to Africa. In 207 BC, after recruiting heavily in Gaul, Hasdrubal crossed the Alps into Italy in an attempt to join his brother, Hannibal. In 212-211 BCE, when Capua was besieged by six Roman legions, Hannibal tried to make them withdraw by feigning a march on Rome, but the ruse failed. [2][11] The modern historian Andrew Curry sees Polybius as being "fairly reliable";[12] while Craige Champion describes him as "a remarkably well-informed, industrious, and insightful historian". One was stationed at Arretium, and one on the Adriatic coast; they would be able to block Hannibal's possible advance into central Italy, and be well positioned to move north to operate in Cisalpine Gaul. ( qui tutti i riassunti ) riassunto anno 219-217 a. c. 2a guerra punica - annibale - sagunto - le alpi - la trebbia. [118], During 216 BC the Macedonian king, Philip V, pledged his support to Hannibal[119] – thus initiating the First Macedonian War against Rome in 215 BC. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The approximate extent of territory controlled by Rome and Carthage immediately before the start of the First Punic War.